Functional Changes in the Snail Statocyst System Elicited by Microgravity
Identifieur interne : 000260 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000259; suivant : 000261Functional Changes in the Snail Statocyst System Elicited by Microgravity
Auteurs : Pavel M. Balaban [Russie] ; Aleksey Y. Malyshev [Russie] ; Victor N. Ierusalimsky [Russie] ; Nikolay Aseyev [Russie] ; Tania A. Korshunova [Russie] ; Natasha I. Bravarenko [Russie] ; M. S. Lemak [Russie] ; Matvey Roshchin [Russie] ; Igor S. Zakharov [Russie] ; Yekaterina Popova [États-Unis] ; Richard Boyle [États-Unis]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2011.
Abstract
The mollusk statocyst is a mechanosensing organ detecting the animal's orientation with respect to gravity. This system has clear similarities to its vertebrate counterparts: a weight-lending mass, an epithelial layer containing small supporting cells and the large sensory hair cells, and an output eliciting compensatory body reflexes to perturbations.
In terrestrial gastropod snail we studied the impact of 16- (Foton M-2) and 12-day (Foton M-3) exposure to microgravity in unmanned orbital missions on: (i) the whole animal behavior (
Upregulation of statocyst function in snails following microgravity exposure parallels that observed in vertebrates suggesting fundamental principles underlie gravi-sensing and the organism's ability to adapt to gravity changes. This simple animal model offers the possibility to describe general subcellular mechanisms of nervous system's response to conditions on Earth and in space.
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017710
PubMed: 21479267
PubMed Central: 3066201
Affiliations:
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Balaban</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Malyshev, Aleksey Y" sort="Malyshev, Aleksey Y" uniqKey="Malyshev A" first="Aleksey Y." last="Malyshev">Aleksey Y. Malyshev</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ierusalimsky, Victor N" sort="Ierusalimsky, Victor N" uniqKey="Ierusalimsky V" first="Victor N." last="Ierusalimsky">Victor N. Ierusalimsky</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aseyev, Nikolay" sort="Aseyev, Nikolay" uniqKey="Aseyev N" first="Nikolay" last="Aseyev">Nikolay Aseyev</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Korshunova, Tania A" sort="Korshunova, Tania A" uniqKey="Korshunova T" first="Tania A." last="Korshunova">Tania A. Korshunova</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bravarenko, Natasha I" sort="Bravarenko, Natasha I" uniqKey="Bravarenko N" first="Natasha I." last="Bravarenko">Natasha I. Bravarenko</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lemak, M S" sort="Lemak, M S" uniqKey="Lemak M" first="M. S." last="Lemak">M. S. Lemak</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roshchin, Matvey" sort="Roshchin, Matvey" uniqKey="Roshchin M" first="Matvey" last="Roshchin">Matvey Roshchin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zakharov, Igor S" sort="Zakharov, Igor S" uniqKey="Zakharov I" first="Igor S." last="Zakharov">Igor S. Zakharov</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Popova, Yekaterina" sort="Popova, Yekaterina" uniqKey="Popova Y" first="Yekaterina" last="Popova">Yekaterina Popova</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boyle, Richard" sort="Boyle, Richard" uniqKey="Boyle R" first="Richard" last="Boyle">Richard Boyle</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS ONE</title><idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno><imprint><date when="2011">2011</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>The mollusk statocyst is a mechanosensing organ detecting the animal's orientation with respect to gravity. This system has clear similarities to its vertebrate counterparts: a weight-lending mass, an epithelial layer containing small supporting cells and the large sensory hair cells, and an output eliciting compensatory body reflexes to perturbations.</p></sec><sec><title>Methodology/Principal Findings</title><p>In terrestrial gastropod snail we studied the impact of 16- (Foton M-2) and 12-day (Foton M-3) exposure to microgravity in unmanned orbital missions on: (i) the whole animal behavior (<italic>Helix lucorum</italic> L.), (ii) the statoreceptor responses to tilt in an isolated neural preparation (<italic>Helix lucorum</italic> L.), and (iii) the differential expression of the Helix pedal peptide (HPep) and the tetrapeptide FMRFamide genes in neural structures (<italic>Helix aspersa</italic> L.). Experiments were performed 13–42 hours after return to Earth. Latency of body re-orientation to sudden 90° head-down pitch was significantly reduced in postflight snails indicating an enhanced negative gravitaxis response. Statoreceptor responses to tilt in postflight snails were independent of motion direction, in contrast to a directional preference observed in control animals. Positive relation between tilt velocity and firing rate was observed in both control and postflight snails, but the response magnitude was significantly larger in postflight snails indicating an enhanced sensitivity to acceleration. A significant increase in mRNA expression of the gene encoding HPep, a peptide linked to ciliary beating, in statoreceptors was observed in postflight snails; no differential expression of the gene encoding FMRFamide, a possible neurotransmission modulator, was observed.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions/Significance</title><p>Upregulation of statocyst function in snails following microgravity exposure parallels that observed in vertebrates suggesting fundamental principles underlie gravi-sensing and the organism's ability to adapt to gravity changes. This simple animal model offers the possibility to describe general subcellular mechanisms of nervous system's response to conditions on Earth and in space.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Stensio, Ea" uniqKey="Stensio E">EA Stensiö</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="O Brien, Ek" uniqKey="O Brien E">EK O'Brien</name></author><author><name sortKey="Degnan, Bm" uniqKey="Degnan B">BM Degnan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fenchel, T" uniqKey="Fenchel T">T Fenchel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Finlay, Bj" uniqKey="Finlay B">BJ Finlay</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wolff, Hg" uniqKey="Wolff H">HG Wolff</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Smith, Ca" uniqKey="Smith C">CA Smith</name></author><author><name 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Balaban</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Aseyev, Nikolay" sort="Aseyev, Nikolay" uniqKey="Aseyev N" first="Nikolay" last="Aseyev">Nikolay Aseyev</name><name sortKey="Bravarenko, Natasha I" sort="Bravarenko, Natasha I" uniqKey="Bravarenko N" first="Natasha I." last="Bravarenko">Natasha I. Bravarenko</name><name sortKey="Ierusalimsky, Victor N" sort="Ierusalimsky, Victor N" uniqKey="Ierusalimsky V" first="Victor N." last="Ierusalimsky">Victor N. Ierusalimsky</name><name sortKey="Korshunova, Tania A" sort="Korshunova, Tania A" uniqKey="Korshunova T" first="Tania A." last="Korshunova">Tania A. Korshunova</name><name sortKey="Lemak, M S" sort="Lemak, M S" uniqKey="Lemak M" first="M. S." last="Lemak">M. S. Lemak</name><name sortKey="Malyshev, Aleksey Y" sort="Malyshev, Aleksey Y" uniqKey="Malyshev A" first="Aleksey Y." last="Malyshev">Aleksey Y. Malyshev</name><name sortKey="Roshchin, Matvey" sort="Roshchin, Matvey" uniqKey="Roshchin M" first="Matvey" last="Roshchin">Matvey Roshchin</name><name sortKey="Zakharov, Igor S" sort="Zakharov, Igor S" uniqKey="Zakharov I" first="Igor S." last="Zakharov">Igor S. Zakharov</name></country><country name="États-Unis"><noRegion><name sortKey="Popova, Yekaterina" sort="Popova, Yekaterina" uniqKey="Popova Y" first="Yekaterina" last="Popova">Yekaterina Popova</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Boyle, Richard" sort="Boyle, Richard" uniqKey="Boyle R" first="Richard" last="Boyle">Richard Boyle</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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